This is not how d3-zoom is supposed to work; please refer to the documentation and examples.
If after this you still need help with your implementation, please share it as a notebook — so we can have the full code. Questions with incomplete code create a double burden for us, as we first need to re-create the code that doesn’t work, then fix it and explain the difference.
The zoom should be monitored on the svg and applied to a container, not to each of the dots; the size attribute simply does not exist (it’s a parameter of the symbol function).